Lorem Ipsum
Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit…
无人爱苦，亦无人寻之欲之，乃因其苦…
什么是 Lorem Ipsum?
Lorem Ipsum 是指一篇常用于排版设计领域的拉丁文文章，主要的目的为测试文章或文字在不同字型、版型下看起来的效果。Lorem Ipsum 从西元15世纪开始就被广泛地使用在西方的印刷、设计领域中，在电脑排版盛行之后，这段被传统印刷产业使用几百年的无意义文字又再度流行。由于这段文字以“Lorem Ipsum”起头，并且常被用于标题的测试中，所以一般称为 Lorem Ipsum，简称为 Lipsum。
它起源于哪里？
原先大家以为这段拉丁文只是没有意义的组合，目的是让阅读者不要被文章内容所影响，而只专注于观察字型或版型，并借此填满空间。但根据美国拉丁学者 Richard McClintock 的研究，Lorem Ipsum 并不是简简单单的随机文本。它追溯于一篇公元前45年的经典拉丁著作，从而使它有着两千多年的岁数。弗吉尼亚州 Hampden-Sydney 大学拉丁系教授 Richard McClintock 曾在 Lorem Ipsum 段落中注意到一个涵义十分隐晦的拉丁词语“consectetur”，通过这个单词详细查阅跟其有关的经典文学著作原文，McClintock 教授发掘了这个不容置疑的出处。Lorem Ipsum 始于西塞罗(Cicero)在公元前45年作的“de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum”（英译为 On Moral Ends, 中译为善恶之尽或论道德的目的）里1.10.32 和1.10.33章节。这本书是一本关于道德理论的论述，曾在文艺复兴时期非常流行。Lorem Ipsum的第一行”Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..”节选于1.10.32章节。
谁是西塞罗？
马库斯·图留斯·西塞罗（Marcus Tullius Cicero，前106年1月3日－前43年12月7日），西方古代史上赫赫有名的人物，古罗马共和国末期一位颇有影响的政治家，实际参与了贵族共和派与独裁者的殊死斗争；他又是罗马史上最著名的演说家，其演说词结构严谨，文采斐然，逻辑性强，富有说服力，并且建立了所谓的“西塞罗文体”；他还是一位重要的哲学家和神学家，曾大力呼吁创建拉丁文化，建立罗马人自己的哲学和神学，是基神督教诞生以前最重要的拉丁理性神学家，为后世留下了一批重要的哲学和神学著作。西塞罗的著作与思想为我们研究希腊思想的拉丁化、拉丁思想的特征以及拉丁哲学和神学对基督教思想的影响，提供了一个不可多得的范例。
The standard Lorem Ipsum passage, used since the 1500s
从15世纪起用的标准 Lorem Ipsum 段落
“Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.”
Section 1.10.32 of “de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum”, written by Cicero in 45 BC
《善恶之尽》章节1.10.32，西塞罗于公元前45年著
“Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?”
1914 translation by H. Rackham
1914年 H. Rackham 译文
“But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?”
中文翻译
但是我必须向你们解释，谴责快乐和赞扬痛苦的错误想法是如何产生的，我将给你们一个完整的系统的描述，并阐述真理的伟大探索者人类幸福的架构师的实际教导。没有人拒绝，不喜欢，或逃避快乐本身，因为它是快乐。但是，那些不知道如何理性地追求快乐的人，却因此遭遇了极其痛苦的后果。也没有人爱或追求或渴望得到痛苦本身，因为它是痛苦，但在某些偶然情况下，辛劳和痛苦会给他带来极大的快乐。举一个简单的例子，我们当中谁曾经进行过艰苦的体育锻炼，除了从中获得一些好处？但是，谁有权利去挑剔一个选择享受一种没有恼人后果的快乐的人，或者一个避免了没有产生快乐结果的痛苦的人呢？”
Section 1.10.33 of “de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum”, written by Cicero in 45 BC
《善恶之尽》章节1.10.33，西塞罗于公元前45年著
“At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat.”
1914 translation by H. Rackham
1914年 H. Rackham 译文
“On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammelled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains.”
中文翻译
“另一方面，我们以义愤和厌恶的方式谴责那些被一时愉悦诱惑而利欲熏心沉迷堕落的人，他们无法预见到随之而来的痛苦和麻烦;同样的责备属于那些因意志薄弱而失责的人，这和从辛劳与痛苦中退缩说起来是一样的。这些案例非常简单，也很容易区分。在一个自由的时刻，当我们的选择的力量是不受限制的，当没有什么能阻止我们能够做我们最喜欢的事情时，每一种快乐都是受欢迎的，每一种痛苦都能避免。但在某些情况下，由于责任的要求或商业的义务，人们常常会发现，快乐必须被拒绝，而烦恼也会被接受。因此，明智的人总是在这些事情上坚持选择的原则：他拒绝享乐以获得其他更大的快乐，或者他会忍受痛苦以避免更大的痛苦。